Bakken Bibliography on Electricity in Life

Electricity in Life

A Bibliography of Secondary Literature on
the History of Electricity and Magnetism
in Medicine and the Life Sciences

Compiled by David J. Rhees, Eric Boyles, and Mary Anne Andrei

Copyright © 2001
The Bakken

Foreword by David J. Rhees, Ph.D.
Executive Director,
The Bakken

This bibliography contains some 840 works relating to the history of electricity and magnetism and their diverse applications in medicine and the life sciences. When I became Executive Director of The Bakken Library and Museum in 1992, I was struck by the fact that an impressive body of historical literature had developed around this fascinating interdisciplinary subject area. Indeed, The Bakken itself, founded in 1975, both reflected the increasing interest in this field and contributed significantly to its growth and development. Most of the leading researchers in the field have made use of our rich historical collections, many of them aided by our Visiting Research Fellowships.

As noted above, one of the most interesting aspects of this field is its highly interdisciplinary character, which crosses the histories of science, technology, and medicine, with occasional forays into the histories of art, music, literature, religion, and other topics. In part because of this interdisciplinary aspect, existing bibliographies did not provide adequate access to this literature, prompting the launching of this project. A substantial initial draft was developed in 1996 with the aid of Mr. Eric Boyles, then with the University of Minnesota's Program in History of Science and Technology, but was laid aside when The Bakken launched a $6 million expansion and renovation project. With the completion of the project, the bibliography was taken up again and expanded to its present size with the assistance of Ms. Mary Anne Andrei, also of the Program in History of Science and Technology. I would also like to acknowledge the valuable assistance of Elizabeth Ihrig, The Bakken's Librarian.

The main subject areas of the bibliography include the following:
· Animal electricity
· Bioelectricity
· Bioelectrochemistry
· Electroacupuncture
· Electrocardiography
· Electroconvulsive therapy
· Electrodiagnosis
· Electroencephalography
· Electropathology
· Electrophysiology
· Electrotherapeutics
· Galvanosurgery
· Iontophoresis

In general, we did not attempt to cover cognate fields such as mesmerism, radiotherapy, radiology, electron microscopy, and imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging. These areas are covered by other bibliographies or were deemed too tangential.

Sources consulted in the compilation of this bibliography included the Bibliography of the History of Medicine, the Isis Cumulative Bibliography, the Society of History of Technology's bibliographies, and the card catalogue of The Bakken Library and Museum. The majority of entries were gathered from electronic databases, including Dissertation Abstracts, Expanded Academic Index, General Reference Center Gold, HISTLINE, Historical Abstracts, History of Science and Technology, MEDLINE, RLIN Bibliographic Files, and WorldCat.

The bibliography is organized alphabetically by author within four sections. The first three sections, totaling 27 entries, are:

Bibliographies and Reference Works
Guides to Manuscript and Archival Collections
Primary Sources (Modern Editions)

The bulk of the entries are to be found in the fourth section:

Secondary Sources

The bibliography is searchable electronically by using the "Find" function under the "Edit" menu of most web browsers.

The continued growth of the literature on the history of "electricity in life" ensures that this bibliography can only be a work-in-progress. We look forward to regularly updating it. This is not to say that the present bibliography has identified all the sources published to date, of course, and we encourage researchers to kindly alert us to any errors or omissions. Please direct correspondence to me at rhees@thebakken.org. One of the beauties of the world wide web is that it makes timely updates and corrections easy and affordable. Even so there is a great deal to be said for the convenience and relative permanence of paper. We very much hope that this valuable research tool will appear in print in the not-too-distant future.

It would be a gross injustice to conclude this foreword without paying tribute to one of the people who is responsible for the present high level of interest, both contemporary and historical, in electromedical science and technology. As inventor of the first transistorized, wearable cardiac pacemaker and founder of Medtronic, Inc., Earl E. Bakken has played a leading role in making electromedical technology a central part of modern biomedicine. As founder of the library and museum that bears his name, he also has ensured that the history of "electricity in life" will continue to be preserved, interpreted, and disseminated among scholars, students, teachers, and the general public. Earl Bakken justly deserves our thanks and appreciation.

February 22, 2001

Bibliographies and Reference Works

Alicke, Walter. Mesmerism: Beginnings of Electricity & Magnetism in Biology: A Selection of 85 Rare Books. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: Interlibrum Buchantiquariat, 1992.

Brazier, Mary A. B. Bibliography of Electroencephalography, 1875-1948. n.p.: International Federation of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1950.

Dureau, A. Notes bibliographiques pour servir à l’histoire du magnétisme animal; analyse de tous les livres, brochures, articles de journaux publiés sur le magnétisme animal, en France et à l’étranger, à partir de 1766 jusqu’au 31 décembre 1868. Paris: Joubert, 1869.

Finn, Bernard S. The History of Electrical Technology: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1991.

Fulton, John F., and Harvey Cushing. "A Bibliographical Study of the Galvani and the Aldini Writings on Animal Electricity." Annals of Science 1.3 (July 1936): 239-68.

Fye, W. Bruce. American Contributions to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine, 1986.

Fye, W. Bruce. The History of Cardiology: A Bibliography of Secondary Sources. National Library of Medicine and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1986.

Gartrell, Ellen G. Electricity, Magnetism, and Animal Magnetism: A Checklist of Printed Sources, 1600-1850. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1975.

Geller, Miriam R. Studies in Electroconvulsive Therapy, 1939-1963, A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Washington: GPO, 1966.

Mottelay, Paul Fleury. Bibliographical History of Electricity & Magnetism, Chronologically Arranged. Researches into the Domain of the Early Sciences, Especially From the Period of the Revival of Scholasticism, with Biographical and other Accounts of the most Distinguished Natural Philosophers Throughout the Middle Ages. London, C. Griffith & Co. Ltd., 1922.

Otto H. Ranschburg (Firm). Medicine: A Collection of Books on Medical History and Related Subjects from Galen up to the Twentieth Century. New York: Otto H. Ranschburg, 1947.

Overmier, Judith A., and John Edward Senior. Books and Manuscripts of the Bakken. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

Royal College of Physicians of London, Library. The Evan Bedford Library of Cardiology: Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, and Journals. London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1977.

Rhees, David J., and Elizabeth Ihrig. "The Bakken: A Library and Museum of the History of Electricity and Its Applications in Medicine and the Life Sciences." Science and Technology Libraries (Haworth Press, Inc.) 14.4 (1994): 113-24.

Senior, John E. "The Bakken: A Library and Museum of Electricity in Life." Caduceus 4.3-4 (Fall-Winter 1988): 74-89.

Stephenson, Larry W., and Rento Ruggiero. Heart Surgery Classics. Boston: Adams Publishing Group, Ltd., 1994.

Manuscript and Archive Collections

Bedi, Joyce E., Ronald R. Kline, and Craig Semsel. Sources in Electrical History: Archives and Manuscript Collections in U.S. Repositories. New York: Center for the History of Electrical Engineering, 1989.

Ekelöf, Stig. Catalogue of Books and Papers in Electricity and Magnetism Belonging to the Institute for the History of Electricity. Göteborg, Sweden, 1991.

Hafner, Arthur W., James G. Carson, and John F. Zwicky, eds. Guide to the American Medical Association Historical Health Fraud and Alternative Medicine Collection. Chicago: AMA, 1992.

Ihrig, Elizabeth. Minnesota’s Resource Treasures, Special Library Collections. The Bakken Library and Museum,"Electricity in Life" Collections. Saint Paul, MN: Metronet, 1999.

The Oral History Collection at the Offices of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE), in Natick, MA.

Steinke, Cynthia A., ed. History of Science and Technology: A Sampler of Centers and Collections of Distinction. New York: Haworth, 1994.

Primary Sources

Bakken, Earl. "Pioneers in Pacing" interviews with physicians and engineers done between 1975 and the early 1980s. Videotape. Minneapolis, MN: The Bakken A Library and Museum of Electricity in Life.

Cahan, David, ed. Letters of Hermann Von Helmholtz to his Parents: The Medical Education of a German Scientist, 1837-1846. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1993.

Cranefield, Paul F., ed. Two Great Scientists of the Nineteenth Century: Correspondence of Emil du Bois-Reymond and Carl Ludwig. Translated into English by Sabine Lichtner Ayed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Duchenne de Boulogne, Guillaume-Benjamin. The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. Edited and translated by R. Andrew Cuthbertson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Foley, M. G. Galvani’s Commentary on the Effects of Electricity on Muscular Motion. (Translation with Notes). Norwalk CT: Burndy Library, 1958.

Galvani, Luigi. Memorie sulla elettricità animale al celebre abate Lazzaro Spallanzani; aggiunte alcune elettriche esperienze di Giovanni Aldini. Introduzione a cura di Mauro Recenti. Con un saggio di Maurizio Mamiani. Roma: Theoria, 1983.

Snellen, H. A. E. J. Marey and Cardiology: Physiologist and Pioneer of Technology, 1830-1904: Selected Writings in Facsimile with Comments and Summaries, A Brief History of Life and Work, and a Bibliography. Rotterdam: Kooyker Scientific Publications, 1980.

Snellen, H. A. Two Pioneers of Electrocardiography: The Correspondence Between Einthoven and Lewis from 1908-1926. Rotterdam: Donker Academic Publications, 1983.

Secondary Sources

Abelmann, W. H. "Paul M. Zoll and Electrical Stimulation of the Heart." Clinical Cardiology 9.3 (March 1986): 131-35.

Abrams, R. "The Treatment That Will Not Die: Electroconvulsive Therapy." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 17 (September 1994): 525-530.

Accornero, F. "An Eyewitness Account of the Discovery of Electroshock." Convulsive Therapy 4 (1988): 41-49.

Accornero, F. "Testimonianza oculare sulla scoperta dell’elettroshock." Pagine di Storia della Medicina 14 (March-April 1970): 38-52.

Adam, John A. "Wilson Greatbatch." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Spectrum 32 (March 1995): 56-61.

Aden, G. "The International Psychiatric Association for the Advancement of Electrotherapy: A Brief History." American Journal of Social Psychiatry 4 (Fall 1984): 18-21.

Adler, C. "Highlights of the Adler Museum Collections: Cambridge Electrocardiograph Machine." Adler Museum Bulletin 12.1 (March 1986): 15-17.

Aguirre, J. L. "Breve nota sobre la introduccion del electrochok en Espana." Boletin de la Sociedad Castellonense de Cultura 48 (1972): 180-89.

Ajmone-Marsan, C. "Electrocortiography: Historical Comments on its Development and the Evolution of Its Practical Applications." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 48 (1998): 9-16.

Alder, Ken. "To Tell the Truth: The Polygraph Exam and the Marketing of American Expertise." Historical Reflections 24 (1998): 487-525.

Aldini, G. An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism. London: Cuticle and Martin, 1803.

Aleshin, I. A., A. D. Nozdrachev, and N. I. Gubanov. "Kistorii metoda elektrogastrografii." Vrachebnoe Delo 12 (December 1978): 66-67.

"Alexander von Humboldt und die Physiologie seiner Zeit." Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 43 (1959): 97-113.

Alper, T. G. "An Electric Shock Patient Tells His Story." The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 43 (1948): 201-210.

Althius, J. A Treatise on Medical Electricity: Theoretical and Practical. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1860.

Alverno, L. "The Origins of Electroconvulsive Therapy." Wisconsin Medical Journal 89.2 (February 1990): 54-56.

Anderson, R. G. W., J. A. Bennett, and, W. F. Ryan, eds. Making Instruments Count: Essays on Historical Scientific Instruments Presented to Gerard L’Estrange Turner. Brookfield, VT: Variorum, 1993.

Ardouin, Leon. Coup d’Oeil sur l’Histoire de l’Electro-Thérapie. Paris: Faculté de Médecine de Paris, 1878.

Armington, J. C. "History of Electroretinography." In The Electroretinogram, 1-30. New York: Academic Press, 1974.

Armstrong, T. "The Electrification of the Body at the Turn of the Century." Textual Practice. 5 (1991): 303-325.

Aronson, S. H. "The Lancet on the Telephone, 1876-1975." Medical History 21.1 (January 1977): 69-87.

Aspiz, Harold. "The Body Electric." In Walt Whitman and the Body Beautiful, 143-79. Urbana, Chicago, London: University of Illinois Press, 1980.

Audrito, A. "Dalla magia al computer nella scoperta ed applicazione dei farmaci." Minerva Medica 70.30 (June 1979): 2163-67.

Azouvi, F. "La rêverie electrothérapeutique." Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande 106.1 (January 1986): 61-71.

Bailine, S. H. and J. H. Rau. "The Decision to Use ECT: A Retrospective Study." Comprehensive Psychiatry 22 (1981): 274-281.

Bakken, Earl E. One Man’s Full Life. Minneapolis, MN : Medtronic, Inc., 1999.

Baldwin, S. and M. Oxlad. Electroshock and Minors: A Fifty-Year Review. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Bardon, Charles. Ondes electromagnétiques en médecine: la d’arsonvalisation. Paris : Vigot, 1939.

Barron, S. L. "The Development of the Electrocardiograph in Great Britain." British Medical Journal 1 (1950): 720-25.

Barron, S. L. The Development of the Electrocardiograph: With Some Biographical Notes on Professor W. Einthoven. Cambridge Monograph, no. 5. London: Cambridge Instrument Company, 1952.

Baruzzi, Agostino. From Luigi Galvani to Contemporary Neurobiology. Padova: Liviana Press; Berlin; New York: Springer Verlag, 1989.

Bastholm, Eyvind Børge Martin Marins, "The History of Muscle Physiology from the Natural Philosophers to Albrecht von Haller, A Study of the History of Medicine, with a Summary in Danish." Acta historica scientiarum naturalum et medicinalium, 3. Thesis, Københavns universitet, 1950.

Bauer, Henry H. Science or Pseudoscience: Magnetic Healing, Psychic Phenomena, and Other Heterodoxies. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

Beck, Claude S. "Reminiscences of Cardiac Resuscitation." Review of Surgery 27 (March-April, 1970): 76-94.

Beck, Claude S. "My Life in Heart Surgery, 1923-1969." Geriatrics 26 (February, 1971): 84-99.

Becker, Robert O., and A. A. Mario. Electromagnetism and Life. New York: State University of New York Press, 1982.

Becker, Robert O. "Electromagnetism and the Revolution in Medicine." Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research 12.1 (1987): 75-79.

Belot, J. "Jubilé du professeur d’Arsonval." La presse médicale 41.44 (1933): 899-901.

Belot, J. "D’Arsonval (1851-1940)." Journal de radiologie et d’électrologie 24 (1941): 49-60.

Benassi, E. "Strumenti per applicazioni mediche agli inizi della galvanoterapia." In International Congress of the History of Medicine, 1030-36. Roma, 1969.

Bence-Jones, H. On Animal Electricity, Being an Abstract of the Discoveries of Emil du Bois-Reymond. London, 1852.

Benda, C. "Gustav Fritsch zum 70. Geburtstag." Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 34 (1980): 605-6.

Benguigui, Isaac. "La théorie de l’électricité de Nollet et son application en médecine à travers sa correspondance inédite avec Jallabert." Gesnerus 38 (1981): 225-35.

Benguigui, Isaac. Théories électriques du XVIIIe siècle: correspondance entre l’abbé Nollet (1700-1770) et le physicien genevois Jean Jallabert (1712-1768). Genève: Georg, 1984.

Benguigui, Isaac. "Paul-Louis Ladame (1842-1914) et l’électricité médicale à Genève. Ápropos d’une série d’articles parus dans la Revue en 1885." Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande 107.1 (January 1987): 77-82.

Benguigui, Isaac. "Auguste de la Rive and Electrotherapy." Gesnerus 49.3-4 (1991): 367-74.

Benjamin, P. A History of Electricity: The The Intellectual Rise in Electricity. New York: John Wiley, 1989.

Bennet, H. C. The Electrotherapeutic Guide or a Thousand Questions Asked and Answered. 9^th ed. Lima, Ohio: National College of Electrotherapeutics, 1912.

Bennett, J.E., and S. R. Miller. "Evolution of the Electrodermatome." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 45 (February 1970): 131-34.

Berg, Alexander. "Zur Geschichte de Strahlentherapie." Sudhoffs Archiv: Zeitschrift Fur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 37 (1953): 210-13.

Berger, K. W. The Hearing Aid: Its Operation and Development. 2nd ed. Livonia: National Hearing Aid Society, 1974.

Berger, K. W. "History and Development of Hearing Aids." In Amplification for the Hearing-Impaired, edited by M. C. Pollack, 1-20. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975.

Bernardi, Walter. "L’électricité animale: Les savants italiens et leurs relations avec les milieux français à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." In Échanges d’influences scientifiques et techniques entre pays européens de 1780 à 1830 p.161-170. Paris: CTHS, 1990.

Bernardi, Walter. I fluidi della vita: Alle origini della controversia sul l’elettricità animale. Biblioteca di storia della scienza, no. 33. Firenze: Olschki, 1992.

Bernhard, Oskar. "Die historische Entwicklung der Lichttherapie." In Handbuch der Lichttherapie, edited by W. Hausmann and R. Volk, 3-12. Wien: Springer, 1927.

Bernhardt, Martin, W. Marckwald, Edmund Lesser, Heinrich Johannes Boruttau, Max Levy-Dorn, Emil Grunmach, Heinrich Ernest Albers-Schönberg, and Georg Bredig. Elektrizität und Licht in der Medizin: acht Vorträge gehalten von Prof. Dr. Albers-Schönberg [et al.]. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1909.

Bernstein, Theodore. "‘A Grand Success’: The First Legal Electrocution Was Fraught with Controversy which Flared between Edison and Westinghouse." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Spectrum 10.2 (February 1973): 54-8.

Bernstein, Theodore. "Theories of the Causes of Death from Electricity in the Late Nineteenth Century." Medical Instrumentation 9.6 (November-December 1975): 267- 73.

Berrios, German E. "The Scientific Origins of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Conceptual History." History of Psychiatry 8 (March 1997): 105-119.

Besterman, Edwin, and Richard Creese. "Waller: Pioneer of Electro Cardiology." 42.1 British Heart Journal (July 1979): 61-4.

Beteta, E., S. Uematsu, and E. A. Walker. "Encefalografia Ultra-sónica: I. Principios básicos de la ecoencefalografia (A-Scope)." Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria 30 (June 1967): 137-64.

Beveridge, A. W., and E. B. Renvoize. "Electricity: A History of its Use in the Treatment of Mental Illness in Britain During the Second Half of the 19th century." British Journal of Psychiatry 153 (August 1988): 157-62.

Bick, E. M. "The Classic: The Effects of Artificial Electricity on Muscular Motion. Aloysio Luigi Galvani." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 88 (1972): 2-10.

Bigelow, W. G. Cold Hearts: The Story of Hypothermia and the Pacemaker in Heart Surgery. Toronto: McCleland and Stewart, 1984.

Bigelow, W. G. "The Pacemaker Story: A Cold Heart Spin-off." PACE: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 10.1 (January 1987): 142-50.

Bing, Richard J. "Electrophysiology: Cardiac Arrhythmia, Cardiac Resuscitation, Pacemakers" In Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the Art. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999.

Bini, L. "Professor Bini’s Notes on the First Electro-Shock Experiment." Convulsive Therapy 11 (December 1995): 260-261.

Biraben, J. N. "Les Premières Applications médicales de l’électricité: Mesmer et la Mesmérisme." In L’électricité dans l’histoire: Problémes et méthodes, edited by P. de Louvrier, 133-40. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1985.

Blake, T. M. "Myocardial Infarction and Electrocardiography in Historical Perspective." Southern Medical Journal 76.12 (December 1983): 1470-72.

Blank, Martin, ed. Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. San Francisco: San Francisco Press, 1993.

Blech, G. "D’ Arsonval’s Service to Surgery." Archives of Physical Therapy 13 (1932): 775-79.

Blömer, H. "Der Herzkatheterismus: Wegbereiter der modernenn Kardiologie." MMW: Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 120.14 (April 1978): 490-92.

Blömer, H. "20 Jahre Hertzschrittmacher-therapie." ZFA: Zeitschrift Fur Alternsforschung 58.1 (January 1982): 19-25.

Blondel, Christine. "Branly face à l’innovation technique: un cas d’espéce?" Revue d’histoire des sciences T. 46 (1993) p. 39-58.

Blondel, Christine. "Entre l’électrophysiologie et l’électricité industrielle: Le galvanomètre à cadre mobile." In Studies in the History of Scientific Instruments, edited by Christine Blondel et al, 179-91. London: Rodgers Turner, 1989.

Bloomfield, Bob. Radionics: Tomorrow’s Physics?: A Brief History. Maidstone Centre for Alternative Medicine, 1984.

Bloomfield, D. K. "Early Work on External Electrical Defibrillation." New England Journal of Medicine 4.303 (December 1980): 1366-67.

Bloomfield, Peter, and N. A. Boon. "A Century of Cardiac Pacing." British Medical Journal 298 (11 February, 1989): 343-44.

Boineau, J. P. "Electrocardiology: A 30-year Perspective. Ah Serendipity, My Fulsome Friend." Journal of Electrocardiology 21. Suppl (1988): S1-9.

Boller, F., N. C. Keefe, and P. Zoccolotti. "Luigi Galvani, Body Electricity, and the Galvanic Skin Response." Neurology 39.6 (June 1989): 868-70.

Bonnabeau, Raymond C., Jr., and C. Walton Lillehei. "Development of Controlled Cardiac Pacemaking." Minnesota Medicine 52 (May 1969): 871-74.

Bordier, H. "L’Oeuvre scientifique de d’Arsonval." Paris médical 88 (1933): v-viii.

Borell, Merriley. "Extending the Senses: The Graphic Method." Medical Heritage 2.2 (March-April 1986): 114-21.

Borell, Merriley. "Instrumentation and the Rise of Physiology." Science and Technology Studies 5 (Summer 1987): 53-62.

Borell, Merriley. "The Kymograph and the Origins of the Graphic Method." Electric Quarterly 7 (1985): 2-3.

Borell, Merriley. "Marey and d’Arsonval: The Exact Sciences in Late 19th-century French Medicine, In From Ancient Omens to Statistical Mechanics: Essays on the Exact Sciences Presented to Asger Aaboe, edited by J. L. Berggren and B. R. Goldstein, 225-37. Copenhagen: University Library, 1987.

Boring, Edwin G. Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1942.

Boruttau, Heinrich Johannes. Handbuch der gesamten medizinischen Anwendungen der Elektrizität. Leipzig: Klinkhardt, 1909.

Boruttau, Heinrich Johannes. Emil du Bois-Reymond. Vol. 3 of Meister der Heilkunde. Wein: Rikola Verlag, 1922.

Boruttau, Heinrich Johannes. Die Elektrizität in der Medizin und Biologie; eine zusammenfassende Darstellung für Mediziner, Naturforscher und Techniker. (English). Wiesbaden, 1996.

Boruttau, Heinrich Johannes, Luwig Mann, Max Levy-Dorn, and Paul Carl Hieronymus Krause. Handbuch der gesamten medizinischen Anwendungen der Elektrizität: erschliesslich der Röntgenlehre. Leipzig: W. Klinkhardt, 1924.

Bost, J. "Á propos du registre du laboratoire de Chauveau (Mars-Novembre 1861): L’histoire des premiers enregistrements cardiographiques." Histoire des Sciences Medicales 8 (1974): 595-626.

Bouchet, A. "Une ingénieuse découverte lyonnaise au XIXe siècle: le traitement des anéurysmes artériels par la galvano-puncture." Lyon Medical 227 (January 1972): 67-77.

Bourguignon, André. La découverte par Aldini (1804) des effets thérapeutiques de l’électrochoc sur la mélancolie. Paris: Masson, 1964.

Bourguignon, G. "Professor d’Arsonval." Archives of Physical Therapy 13 (1932): 717-26.

Bowman, I. A. "The Notion of Animal Electricity: A Phase in the History of Physiology." Bookman 6.2 (February 1979): 1-9.

Braun, P. "Paul Zoll and the Discovery of Pacemaker." Therapia Hungarica 40 (1992): 44-46.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. A History of the Electrical Activity of the Brain, the First Half-century. New York: Macmillan, 1961.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. "The EEG Journal Loses One of its Founders (Robert Schwab)." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 33 (August 1972): 1-11.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. "From Calculating Machines to Computers and Their Adoption by the Medical Sciences." Medical History 17 (July 1973): 235-43.

Brazier, Mary Agnes, and W. A. Cobb. "Thirty Years." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 46.2 (February 1979): 119-21.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. A History of Neurophysiology in the 17th and 18th Centuries: From Concept to Experiment. New York: Raven Press, 1984.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century. New York: Raven Press, 1988.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. "A Pioneer in the Electrophysiology of Skin and Muscle: Martin Gildemeister (1876-1943)." In Neurosciences Across the Centuries, edited by F. C. Rose, 209-212. London: Smith-Gordon, 1989.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. "The Birth of the International Brain Research Organization: A Tribute to Henri Gastaut." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 35 (1982): 13-14.

Brazier, Mary Agnes. "Pioneers in the Discovery of Evoked Potentials." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 59.1 (February 1984): 2-8.

Breathnach, Caoimhghin S. "Biomedical Engineering in an Historical Setting." Journal of the Irish Medical Association 64.424 (November 1971): 595-601.

Breathnach, Caoimhghin S. "Eduard Hitzig, Neurophysiologist and Psychiatrist." History of Psychiatry 3 (1992): 329-38.

Bren, Stephan P. Albert. "Historical Introduction to EMF Health Effects." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Engineering in Medicine and Biology 15 (July-Aug. 1996): 24-30.

Bresadola, Marco and Giuliano Pancaldi, eds. Luigi Galvani International Workshop: Proceedings. Bologna: CIS, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Universita di Bologna, 1999.

Bresadola, Marco. "Medicine and Science in the Life of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)." Brain Research Bulletin 46 (1998): 367-380.

"Brief History of the Japan Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering" (in Japanese) Iyodenshi To Seitai Kogaku 20.7 (December 1982): 486-98.

"A Brief Look at Pacing in the 1980s with Dr. Seymour Furman." Interview in Medtronic News 10 (December 1980): 9.

Brighton, C. T., and S. R. Pollack, eds. Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology. San Francisco: San Francisco Press, n.d.

Brindley, G. S. "History of the Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator, 1969-1982." Neurourology and Urodynamics 12.5 (1993): 481-83.

Brody, D. A. "Einthoven, G. J. Burch, and the Capillary Electrometer." American Heart Journal 84 (August 1972): 280-81.

Broughton, R. "A Brief Outline of the Career and Accomplishments of Henri Gastaut." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 35 (1982): XII-XV.

Brown, Kenneth A. Inventors at Work. Redmond, Washington: Tempus Books, 1988. 19-44. Note: Interview with Wilson Greatbatch.

Bryan, Bettina Alexandra. Wilhelm Erb (1840-1921): Electrotherapeutics and Scientific Medicine in 19^th Century Germany. London: University College, University of London, 1996.

Bunn, Geoffrey C. "The Hazards of the Will to Truth: A History of the Lie Detector." Ph.D. diss., York University, Canada, 1998.

Bunn, Geoffery C. "The Lie Detector, ‘Wonder Woman’ and Liberty: The Life and Work of William Moulton Marston." History of the Human Sciences 10 (Febuary 1997): 91-119.

Burch, George Edward, and Nicholas P. DePasquale. A History of Electrocardiography. San Francisco: Norman Pub., 1990.

Burchell, Howard B. "A Centennial Note on Waller and the First Human Electrocardiogram." American Journal of Cardiology 59.9 (April 1987): 979-83.

Burchell, Howard B. "Cardiac Resuscitation with Electricity." British Medical Journal 1.6157 (20 January 1979): 270.

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Last Updated: Friday August 02, 2002


The Bakken A Library and Museum of Electricity in Life 3537 Zenith Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55416-4623, USA Join our e-news list Public Relations E-Mail Tele: 612-926-3878 Fax: 612-927-7265		Museum Hours: Tuesday - Saturday 10 to 5 Library Hours: Monday - Friday 9 to 4:30 Closed Major Holidays Admission: $5 Adults; $3 Students & Seniors; Children under 6 years old Free © The Bakken August 02, 2002